Ever found yourself staring at a carton of milk or a package of chicken, wondering whether it’s still safe to eat even though the expiration date has passed? You’re not alone. Food expiration dates can often seem like a perplexing enigma, leading many of us to toss out perfectly good food simply because the date on the package has passed. Understanding these dates is not just about avoiding waste—it’s also about making informed choices to keep both your budget and your environment in check.

Food expiration dates are a common sight on virtually every food product we purchase. They come in various forms—“Best if Used By,” “Use By,” and “Sell By”—and often leave consumers confused and wasteful. My own experience with food dates began with an embarrassing moment at a family dinner. I had purchased a bottle of milk just days before, but it had already reached its “Best if Used By” date. Despite the milk looking and smelling perfectly fine, I hesitated to use it. This led to a late-night research spree to decipher the true meaning behind these labels, which ultimately taught me valuable lessons about food quality, safety, and waste reduction.

Best if Used By: This label indicates the period during which the product is expected to be at its best flavor and quality. After this date, the food may not taste as fresh, but it does not necessarily mean it’s unsafe to eat.

Use By: This is the manufacturer’s estimate of the last date for peak quality. This date is particularly important for perishable items such as dairy and meats. Consuming the food after this date might affect its quality, but it’s often still safe if properly stored.

Sell By: This label is primarily a guide for retailers on how long to display the product. It’s not a safety date. Food items can often be consumed after this date if they have been stored correctly.