because of weight, hormonal, and circulatory changes. Athletes are vulnerable after intense workouts when muscles are fatigued and low in electrolytes, while sedentary individuals risk cramps from poor circulation caused by prolonged sitting or standing.

Underlying conditions like diabetes, peripheral artery disease, kidney or thyroid problems, and neurological disorders can trigger frequent spasms. Certain medications, such as diuretics, statins, and even birth control pills, are also linked to cramps.

Prevention strategies include staying hydrated, stretching before bed, ensuring adequate intake of magnesium, potassium, and calcium, staying moderately active, and adjusting sleep positions. While occasional cramps are harmless, frequent or severe episodes may signal health issues and should be discussed with a doctor. With awareness and simple lifestyle changes, many people can reduce cramps and improve sleep quality.